Amazigh community torn over World Congress site
2008-10-09
The Federation of Amazigh Associations in North Africa is undecided between a Moroccan or Algerian site for its 5th World Amazigh Congress. Arguments continue as the deadline approaches.
By Imrane Binoual for Magharebia in Casablanca – 09/10/08
 [CMA] The location of this year's World Amazigh Congress has been disputed since the Algerian government refused to allow it to be held in Kabylia. |
Just three weeks before the 5th World Amazigh Congress is due to begin on October 31st, the Federation of Amazigh Associations in North Africa is still debating where the event should be held.
The congress – originally scheduled to convene in Kabylia in July – was postponed after the Algerian authorities denied the group permission to hold it. Since then, several CMA member associations have been fiercely competing to host the congress.
"Following the ban imposed by the Algerian authorities on our 5th congress, a number of the CMA’s member associations in Morocco volunteered to organise this great international Amazigh meeting," said CMA President Lounes Belkacem.
CMA is an international NGO to defend the rights and interests of the Amazigh people. It was created in Saint Rome de Dolan (France) in 1995. The CMA brings together Amazigh cultural associations and organisations across the different countries of the Tamazgha (North Africa) and also within the diaspora in Europe and North America.
At the time of the ban, Belkacem tried to convince the Algerian authorities to allow the congress, but to no avail. On June 16th the CMA turned to the courts to force the wilaya of Tizi-Ouzou to lift the ban, but after three hearings the court decided it was "unqualified" to rule in the issue.
At one point in the federation's deliberations, the prime candidates to host the conference were Tamunt N Iffus and Tamaynut in Agadir, Imal in Marrakech, Asidd in Meknès and Touiza in Tangier. Sources say the CMA voted on August 31st in favour of the Asidd Amazigh Association in Meknès.
"Our application was supported by seven votes," said Khalid Zerrari, chairman of the Asidd Association and Vice-President of the CMA. "Only one vote went to Tangier, and there were two abstentions."
Fouad Al Omari, Chairman of the Twiza Association in Tangier, said although his association submitted a good offer, he accepted the CMA decision." They reminded us that the last CMA congress was held in the north of Morocco, in the city of Nador," he said.
Another reason that sealed the deal for Meknès, Al Omari said, was that the CMA wanted this meeting to show support to the Amazigh students detained in Meknès.
Despite the agreement, the question was reintroduced by former CMA President Rachid Raha, with support from the founder of the banned Moroccan Amazigh Democratic Party, Ahmed Dgharni. The pair insisted that the federation should consider the decision made at the 4th congress to hold the next meeting in Tizi-Ouzou in Algeria.
"According to CMA statues," said Raha, "it is the general assembly’s job to decide where the congress will be held. At the fourth conference, they made their decision, and the decision was that it would be held in Tizi-Ouzou. Only the federal council, apart from the congress, can change the venue. But the decision must be taken one year in advance."
The new argument created two camps; those in favor of Meknès and those supporting Tizi-Ouzou. Each side claims to have legitimacy on its side and is continuing preparations for the 5th congress.
"We have called the two sides together so that they can meet and find a solution which will maintain unity in the Amazigh ranks," said Mohamed Handaine, chairman of Tamunt N Iffus.
"We’re going to sit them down together round the table on October 11th and 12th in Agadir. The two parties have indicated that they are prepared to attend this meeting."
Since its first congress in Tafira (Canary Islands) in 1997, the CMA has held periodic congresses in Lyon (France), Roubaix (Lille, France) and Nador (Rif, Morocco).
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Ali Eddahech Posted 2008-10-10
This issue concerns Berbers and Amazigh.
حسن مناش Posted 2008-10-10
Amazigh brothers thought that Arabs did well in positioning within small states. They work hard, Arabs, on keeping separation forever… They make their countries believe sometimes in building unions which they quickly freeze up so that only their names remain including the Union of the Arab Maghreb and the eastern unions, the first under the leadership of Saudi Arabia and a second under the leadership of the careless Saddam. Some of them moved in a big step backward like Qaddhafi who tries to unite the African Union after failing in rallying the ranks of Libyans in theatrical conferences and masquerades… Amazighs can just follow the illnesses of their Arab brothers in an attempt which is racial from its basis to gather Amazighs in one congress with foreign assistance which can be Zionists to split up the already split lands and break up the lands which are already broken. They might even build a small state with a perforated flag while always insisting on sowing hatred between the sons of the same nation whether in Algeria, Morocco or in other countries. It is known that Amazighs are just a minority. It is a minority which has no future except in the homeland. Everything else is just idleness which might sweep the stability of many countries sooner or later. We know and many know that some Amazighs hate the Arab race, Arabic and Arab land. We don’t know what the future will bring to us.
fadjr Posted 2008-10-13
An Amazigh forum!? -This is just France manipulating the people to send them back to the Stone Age. -As long as the Western countries force their people to master all technology and science, they will be setting us up for technological tribalism for a new era of colonisation.
ح م ش Posted 2008-10-13
Amazigh brothers thought that Moroccans or Arabs in general did well inside their small states. Every state works on strengthening its borders and securing them more than others so that the herd secures life in the pocket and easily control it. Thus it will be easy to supervise people. This is a reality to see people with the bare eye from the Ocean to the Persian Gulf. Amazigh brothers can just break up the broken groups inside every nation: in Algeria, Morocco and other nations which was swept by the winds of Tamazight. We have noticed this about year ago. The Chelh shows only hatred and clear hatred to everything Arabic. What a hatred against Arabic language in terrible way equal to the hatred of the Zionists to Arabs and Islam. According to Amazighs who ignore history movements and changes of times, that sowing separation is a method which will serve their cause in getting rights which they are deprived of like their Arab brothers inside a state or more…
mohammed Posted 2008-10-15
You reminded me of a dear period of my life. We used to gather in the streets where I lived. We were a group of teachers and other public servants of different sectors. The star of meetings was a doctor from the region of Kabylia who was very fanatic about Tamazight. I used to raise the topic of Tamazight, then I withdrew. The debate becomes very intense between Tamazight fanatic and Arab fanatics. I observed the debate without interfering. I was neutral. When I felt that the ember of debate is fading away, I support the defeated side with an argument. Then I restore him to the stage of debate stronger than ever. The Amazigh doctor felt that I was closer to him given my study of history. Arabic fanatics thought that I was one of their supporters given my Arabic culture. May God rest the soul of Abu Tayeb Al Mutanabi who said: Is the ultimate objective of religion to cut moustaches? What is an Umma who has become a joke for other nations by its ignorance?
mohammed Posted 2008-10-16
We must distinguish between free Amazighs and agents of France. It is true that the expression Fifth Column is a Spanish product. But the real user and implementer of it is the French model. France left the greater Maghreb but left behind this long column which is faithful to it out of ignorance. Where were Amazighs before the arrival of France? Free Amazighs remained proud of Islam and Arabic for long centuries. These Amazighs were leaders of armies in conquests in Andalusia and Cecilia Island. They were the Jewels of Caliphate palaces. Who among us ignores Al Khaizuran the spouse of the Caliphate El Mahdi and mother of the Caliphate Harun Al Rashid? Who ignores the role of the Amazigh Algerian tribe Ketama in the emergence of Al Fatimide dynasty? Who ignores the role of the Amazigh tribe Sanhaja in the foundation of Al Fatimide dynasty? Who built Egypt and Al Azhar University? Weren’t they Amazighs? Who wrote major books of Arabic? Who ignores Ibn Ajroum Senhaji and his book in Arabic: Ajrooumi Introduction to the principles of Arabic Science, Ibn Mooti Zouaoui, and the expert in Arabic grammar? Who ignores Sheikh Taher the Algerian 1852-1920, father of the scientific renaissance in Al Sham? Aren’t all these Amazigh? Who ignores Sheikh Abdelhamid Ben Badis Senhaji 1889-1940, father of modern Algerian renaissance? Isn’t he Amazigh? Hadn’t this scholar said to France audaciously: the people of Algeria are Muslim and Arabs. Those who say that they have ignored their origins or died, are lying! Is this Abrika the real representative of Amazighs? Or Said Saadi who names his party Rally for Culture and Democracy! Where is culture and where are intellectuals? Where is democracy in his party? His party should have chosen the name of Rally for ignorance and barbarism. I mean the roman and western meaning of Barbarism. Where are those people compared to free Amazighs of yesterday and today? Where are they compared to the martyrs Amirouch, Mohamadi Essaid, Amr Ouamrane, Mouloud Kacim Nait Belkacem the Algerian erudite and engineer of the crossroads of Islamic thoughts during the era of the late president Houari Boumediene and minister of authentic studies and religious affairs in the 60’s and 70’s? The Algerian proverb says: when the birds are absent, the beast goes round!
mohammed Posted 2008-10-18
Oh Lord, I resort to you from the blind fanaticism! Blind fanaticism is the result of narrow horizons, lack of openness, lack of knowledge and wrong assessment of the consequences. Amazigh fanatics are wrong. Arab fanatics are wrong. If you want to be fanatic, you should be fanatic for the right. If you know the right path, you should follow it or at least be fanatic for your small nation Algeria, the Maghreb or for humanity. As to these aberrant, obscurant, populist, fanatic and racial movements, we must put hand in hand to fight them with all possible meanings including the intellectual and scientific methods. “Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom”. We think that some of the rights of our Amazigh brothers are reasonable and acceptable. We must support them in this. Instituting the thirteenth January as a national day is a national claim which reminds us of our history and the great king Chachnaq who defeated Pharaohs over thirty centuries. The claim to upgrade the Amazigh language is a national claim which associates us and strengthens our relationship with our local culture. We support them in such requests on the condition that Tamazight be written in Tifinagh or Arabic alphabet. As to the Amazigh world congress, of which we know nothing, we are worried about it and its calls especially if a declaration will come out at the end of its sessions calling us to join Al Mahdi Al Mountadar Abrika!!Abrika reminds me of the novel of the martyr writer Mouloud Faraon in his novel “Mounting lanes”. Faraon is one of the most famous nationalist writers in the region of Kabylia. Mouloud Faraon warned us over half a century ago about the dangers of people like Abrika. He told us, beware of them in a smart way. The Amazigh World Congress! This expression reminds me of the famous proverb: There are big funerals and the deceased is a mouse. It also reminds me of the saying of Ibn Charaf Al Kairauani: I am astonished in the land of Andalusia by the names such as Moutamid and Moutaded! Names of a dynasty in an unsuitable place like a cat which talks boastingly of the outreach of the lion!! So in Meknes, the foundation of the United Amazigh States will be announced. Afterwards, a decree to coin the Amazigh dollar currency will be issued unless they choose to join the CFA region. Oh Amazigh free man. don’t approve the leadership of Aghlaf! The region of Kabylia is the region of free people, worshippers, pious and righteous men.
mohammed Posted 2008-10-18
Who are these Amazighs, Berbers or Lobians? The sheikh of historians Ibn Athor, says in his book “Al Kamel fi Attarikh” quoting Hicham Ben Kalabi: “Berbers are the sons of Tamila, Ben Maarib, Ben Farane, Ben Amrou, Ben Amliq, Ben Laoud, Ben Sam, son of Nouh, except Sanhaja and Ketama, they are sons of Frikech, Ben Saifi son of Sabaa”. But Ahmed Sifr wrote in his book “The Cities of the Greater Maghreb in History”. He says: “Herodotus, called the father of history or veteran of historians called it Lobia and called its people Lobians. As to the noble and honourable Libyans, they were known by the name Amazighs, they are the free aristocrat families. Romans called the people of Afriquia (North Africa) in the past the name “barbarian”. They usually used this expression for every uncultivated person who doesn’t speak Latin language and belong to backward groups outside the Roman circle such as the people of Germany and Wales in the past. This was not limited to our ancestors. Arabs kept this name afterwards and began calling our ancestors Berbers. I will copy an interesting chapter from the book of doctor Abdellah Charit “History of the culture and literature of Machreq and Maghreb” with the permission of the author to whom we wish a long life. This book summarizes the statement of old and recent historians.
mohammed Posted 2008-10-18
I will copy the chapter of the book "History of the culture and literature in the Machreq and Maghreb" by Dr Abdellah Charit. (Excerpts from the book about the origins of Berbers). This is a summary of the opinions of Arab historians. What could be the opinion of the veteran colonial historians Charle Andre Julien? We will dedicate to him a chapter later. I want to remind Abrika and Said Saadi that Tamazight isn’t a patent or trademark bearing their names or the names of others who share their ideas. It is a common heritage shared by all Algerians and Moroccans in North Africa.
mohammed Posted 2008-10-19
The book which I have in front of me is “History of North Africa” by the French historian Charles André Julien. The first part, translated into Arabic by Mohamed Mezali and Bechir Selama. I will copy for you a few paragraphs which shed light on the history of the Maghreb region. The third chapter which talks about “Berbers”, begins with “No matter how long we go back in the beginning of the history of North Africa, we notice that things go on as if it was predestined for this country to remain genetically incapable of enjoying its independence. It was always subject to foreign civilizations. In some cases, its fate was associated with that of these civilizations. Page 65. Then he says in page 67 “There is no doubt that since the beginning of history, very different nations have settled in the Maghreb. We observe the settlement of Phoenician Semites, Arabs, Indians, Latin Europeans, Vandals, Greeks, Turks and blacks”. As it is the custom in history writings, Julien refers to anthropology and says “We think to the degree of certainty that Berbers aren’t a harmonious race anthropologically”. Page 67. About the Libyan language, he says “Berbers used to speak Libyan dialects. It is possible that their origin is the origin of Semite languages. Language was and is still for them an oral tool. Bassi said : we don’t know whether Berbers have established a civilization based on writing with the tool of their language”. Page 78. In page 72, Julien says “One of the mercenary Libyan leaders exploited the chaos following this and he extended his influence to Hierakléopolis in the Middle Egypt. His seventh follower, Sheshnoq 1 conquered the Delta and divided the land among Libyans. He founded the 24th dynasty in 950 B.C”. These are some of the paragraphs which I think shed some light on the history of the region. We construe the following points: The Maghreb was for a long time subject to colonization during successive periods. Berbers don’t constitute a harmonious race. Their language is oral and not a written language. It can be of a Semite origin. They succeeded in a certain time of their history to extend their influence over ancient Egypt. We don’t have to adopt these opinions. There are things we are proud of but there are things which we think are unreal. We will present another book.
mohammed Posted 2008-10-20
It is noticeable that when Arab historians tackle the issue of Amazighs and Tamazight, their writing contains showy demonstrations and mad fanaticism. They go far from the scientific spirit characterized by objectivity in judgments. They are characterized by subjectivity and are therefore blind to facts and realities. Whenever they write about the topic, they try to degrade Amazigh and Tamazight. Therefore, they produce a strong and violent reaction in the other side which is very natural. Arabs are known for their hatred for other nations since old times. You see them boasting of themselves, exaggerating in their satisfaction with their origins and days which they spent in wars, plunder, attack of sanctity, safe and peaceful people! The history of Arab literature is abundant with such masquerades! There is nothing astonishing when you see a camel shepherd in Arab deserts putting himself in a rank higher than that of the Persian king Khosrau, king Shoshenq or the Roman Kaiser. I will say it blatantly: Islam is a religion of civilization, knowledge and civility. But Arabs are a wild, illiterate, Bedouin nation. May God rest the soul of Ibn Khaldoune! Those who pretend to be Arabs in the Maghreb are the cause of the extremism and fanaticism of Amazighs. They provoke them with their void showiness in their daily attitudes. Amazighs build great nations in North Africa in Middle Ages. Their cities were centres of culture and knowledge. History has not recorded any fanaticism or extremism in their attitudes towards others. Figures used by the world in the west and east were transmitted to Europe from Bejaia, the capital of Hamadine and capital of little Kabylia. There is an interesting chapter by the German orientalist Sigrid Hunke in her book « The Sun of Allah shines on the west ». There is no doubt that everyone notices the fanaticism in the translation of the title of the book into Arabic (The Sun of Arabs shines on the west ). They try to attribute every achievement of the Islamic civilization to them even if their contribution is inconsiderable if compared to the contributions of other nations to the Islamic civilization, the above source, page 61. Amazigh states were always proud of Islam and Arabic. They offered a lot to the human civilization. Ibn Khaldoune is one of the fruits of this civilization. Arabs, who despise others, must read the verse of God the Almighty in which he says “O you men! surely We have created you of a male and a female”.
mohammed Posted 2008-10-21
Some fanatic arabized people might think that I am Amazigh. But I am not going to reply to them! I don’t care whether I am Amazigh or Arab. My allegiance is to the nation. I am proud of Arabs as much as I am proud of Amazighs. I love prince Abdelkader, the Arab of noble origins. I love Abdelhamid Ben Badis Senhaji of Amazigh origins. However, the fanatic Arabized people and Berbers don’t want to understand this reality. Golda Meir described Arabs as people who don’t read, and even if they read, they quickly forget what they read. It is Arabized people in the Maghreb who provoke Amazighs most of the time. This is because they read the holy Qur’an, but when they read it, they don’t try to understand and contemplate its meanings or even abide by the instructions of the holy book. They don’t even abstain from inventing Hadiths about vilification of Berbers and attributing them to the prophet of mercy, peace and prayer of God be upon him. This is one of the hadiths whose narration was attributed to Abu Horaira, may God bless him, in vilifying Berbers. Abu Horaira, God bless him, said that the messenger of God, peace and prayer of God be upon him said, “The belief of a Berber doesn’t even reach his throat”. It beggars belief that this Hadith be attributed to the messenger of God, peace and prayer of God be upon him. An Arab poet says “I saw Adam in my dream, then I told him, father of humanity, people has ruled out that Berbers are your sons. He said: Then I divorce Eve if this is what they argue!!
mohammed Posted 2008-10-23
History! History doesn’t cover anyone. It doesn’t or can't compliment anyone! The Islamic conquest to the Maghreb was accompanied by many excesses which weren’t hidden by history. During the second mandate of our master Oqba Ben Nafia, may God bless him, of the Maghreb, when he arrived he found in the companionship of Abu Mohajir, the leader of Berbers Koussaila. The latter entered Islam and was a good Muslim. His people followed him and entered Islam with him. Abu Mohajir advised our master Oqba, may God bless him, to be good to Koussaila in view of his status among his Berber people. However, our master Oqba refused the advice. He went to Koussaila insulted him and ordered him to slay and skin the sheep with the butchers. Koussaila told him: These are my servants; they will spare me this humility. But our master Oqba insulted him and insisted on his request. Koussaila did as he was ordered and hid inside of him apostasy and retaliation from our master Oqba, may God bless him. The end of the story is well known. Historians say that the cause of the wild war waged by Alkahina against Muslim conquerors was in some way retaliation for Koussaila against our master Oqba, may God bless him. The mandate of Moussa Ben Nossayr to the Maghreb was feature by his excessive captives. He took about three hundred thousand Berbers! It is a huge number compared to the inhabitants of the Maghreb at that time. Moussa Ben Nossayr ended his mandate by insulting the great Amazigh conqueror Tarik Ben Ziyad. Historians say that when Moussa Ben Nossayr met Tarik in Andalusia, he scolded him and insulted him then whipped him on his head. He took him as a captive to Damascus where he spent the end of his life anonymously. All this was the result of jealousy and envy from that conqueror who was granted justice later on by history as the place where he stepped on the other shore was named after him: Gibraltar!
mohammed Posted 2008-10-23
But in spite of all this, Berbers entered Islam and their Islam was good. They contribute effectively in Islamic conquests. They served the Arabic language hugely. This can be denied only from arrogance. They were always proud of Islam and of belonging to Arabs. The lapse of time in which Berbers entered Islam was a record in comparison to people in other nations… Then France came. Here a new chapter of history began?! The fifth queue and agents...
mohammed Posted 2008-10-30
Arabs are known for their independent trend since the dawn of Islam and their inclination for freedom and independence has never left them throughout their long history. They prefer to live in mountains rather than living in cities as obedient, deceiving followers. Current reality is evidence to this. History books say that the first state was separated from the central state during the Abbasid Dynasty, the Rostoumide dynasty was in central Maghreb, Algeria of today. It chose as its capital the city of Tihert, Tiaret today. When it was founded, it faced fierce opposition and wars from the central state. But it was soon forgotten and the harshness of the opposition against its foundation was tempered with the accession of the Abbasid Caliphate Al Mahdi to the throne and then his son the Abbasside Caliphate Aron Al Rashid as these two caliphates respected the rank of Berbers. Al Khaizuran, a Berber slave was the spouse of the Caliphate Al Mahdi and mother of the Caliphate Aron Al Rashid. This slave played an important role in the Abbassid politics during the era of Al Mahdi and Aron Al Rashid. Berbers reached a high rank during the eras of these two Caliphates. Their rank was similar to that of Persians for the Abbasside Caliphate Al Mamoun. Then Berber states rotated alternatively no one opposing them. Their cities were centers of cultural and civilization progress which were competing Baghdad, Damascus and Cordova. In addition to this, some of their kings were men of literature and poets. We state as an example Aba Hamou Moussa Zayani, the king of Tlemcen. He was a king, man of letters and first grade poet. Berber kings were very careful about the cultural, intellectual and scientific movement. Scientists, intellectuals, men of letters and philosophers flowed to their palaces from all parts of the Islamic world. Tihert, Mssila, Bejaia and Tlemcen hosted great literature men including Baker Ben Hmad, Ibn Rachik El Mssily who is wrongly attributed to Kairaouan, Ibn Hani Al Andalusi, Ibn Khaldoune, El Moukri Tlemceni and many others. When Turks arrived, they adopted the policy of instituting Turkish people in the administration, power and army. They weren’t known for their care for culture and thought. However, the cultural and intellectual movement was blossoming. The best example is that Prince Abdelkader was a man of letters, a poet, a philosopher and a Sufi. He debated great men of literature and intellectuals of France when he was imprisoned in Amboise Palace in France. He gained their admiration and approval of his various skills and wide culture. Arabic remained the language.
mohammed Posted 2008-10-30
Arabic remained the language of religion, culture and language of daily social communication until the arrival of France. It has exerted all its efforts to fight Islamic religion, Arabic and all aspects of Islamic civilization in Algeria. It misled the people of Kabylia into believing that they are different from the rest of the population and that they are descendants of a Germanic race. It had led to Christianization campaigns in the region of Kabylia. To those who opposed its policy, the ship was waiting for them to go to Guyana or New Caledonia.
mohammed Posted 2008-11-09
France, in the apogee of its glory in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, held the belief that it is the sole and legitimate heir of the glory of Christian Rome and the Catholic Church. It used to describe itself as the Eldest Daughter of the Church. It believed that the people of North Africa were sheep of Rome who should be restored to its control willingly or forcibly. It neglected the provisions of the treaty it had signed with Prince Abdelkader. It didn’t respect the religion or properties of the Algerians. It was attempting to annex Algeria. It was totally convinced that it could achieve this only by Christianising Algerians. It was stated in a report at that time to the French minister of education that “Algeria cannot become French only if it becomes Christian”. France exploited the starvation which struck Algerians in the end of the sixties of the nineteenth century and carried out a wide missionary movement in the villages of the region of Chelf. It succeeded in Christianizing some poor people. It built there Christian villages. But these poor people immediately returned to Islam. So it found out that their efforts were in vain. So it thought of another region. This time, it chose the Kabylie region. It implemented the policy of divide and conquer. It made them believe that they were different than other Algerian people, they were descendants of a Germanic race and their original religion was Christianity. It carried out a broad missionary campaign in Kabylie but had a reverse effect. Kabyle people responded to the missionary campaign with a revolution which shook the throne of France. It was the revolution of sheikh Moqrani which came in response to the missionary movement in France, non respect of France to the sanctities of Kabylie, their Islamic religion and its attempt to Christianize their sons. When France succeeded in getting hold of Cheikh Moqrani, it blew out his revolution and exiled him to New Caledonia. The Algerian researcher Khadija Baktach chose as a topic for her thesis to get the diploma of postgraduate studies: French Missionary Movement in Algeria 1830-1871. In the third chapter of her university thesis, she made a study about the missionary movement in Kabylie. Her research was of a valuable help to me in writing this comment. So if you want more information, you can check this university thesis.
mohammed Posted 2008-11-10
Amazigh people have been known since the dawn of history for their independence and love for freedom. But in the French translation you put Arab instead of Amazigh. Our Amazigh brother will think that Magharebia is fanatic about Arabs. So please correct this slip so that Amazighs won’t mistrust you.
ساكري يوسف Posted 2009-05-15
We are all subjects of God. However, there some Arabs who hate Berbers to an unbelievable level. I have noticed this in my daily life because I am a Muslim Amazigh.
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